October 10, 2020

University Darts Association of Ireland All-Ireland University Darts Pairs’ Champion 2007-2013

University Darts Association of Ireland Logo [Reference: 1]

Roll of Honour

Year	Champions	College
2007	John Kane & Stiofán de Lundres Ó Dálaigh	Griffith College Dublin
2008	John Kane & Stiofán de Lundres Ó Dálaigh	Griffith College Dublin
2009	Fergus Shortt & Ken Kavanagh	IT Carlow
2010	David Concannon & Stiofán de Lundres Ó Dálaigh	NUI Galway
2011	Keith Kilduff & Neil McDonald	IT Tallaght Dublin
2012	David Cahill & Seán Archer	Waterford IT
2013	Paddy Meaney & Dean Hoare	Waterford IT

University Darts Association of Ireland All-Ireland University Darts Pairs’ Champion 2007-Present [Reference: 4]

Report

John Kane and Stiofán de Lundres Ó Dálaigh won the University Darts Association of Ireland Pair’s Championship in 2007 and 2008 for Griffith College Dublin. Stiofán de Lundres Ó Dálaigh later won a third title with David Concannon for NUI Galway in 2010.

John Kane & Stiofán de Lundres Ó Dálaigh – UDAI All-Ireland Darts Champions 2007 & 2008 [Reference: 4][Picture Credit: John Kane]

References

Logos

[1] University Darts Association of Ireland (2015) customLogo [Internet] Available from: https://sites.google.com/site/udaiuniversitydarts/_/rsrc/1325619935938/config/customLogo.gif?revision=2 [Accessed 10 October 2020]

Websites

[2] University Darts Association of Ireland (2015) Roll of Honour [Internet] Available from: https://sites.google.com/site/udaiuniversitydarts/u-d-a-i-tm-roll-of-honour [Accessed 10 October 2020]

[3] NUI Galway (2015) Club Profile: Darts Club [Internet] Available from: https://clubs.nuigalway.ie/clubProfile.php?id=MzU1 [Accessed 10 October 2020]

Images

[4] John Kane Facebook Messenger (2020) 121335580_1629820127181982_1053628616433207526_n [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/messenger_media?thread_id=538762831&attachment_id=1629820123848649&message_id=mid.%24cAABa9QTLuvt7RNjpiF1E5OF7bbSX [Accessed 10 October 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to John Kane.

About this document

Researched, Compiled and Written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 10 October 2020

October 10, 2020

University Darts Association of Ireland All-Ireland Teams Roll of Honour 2007-2014

University Darts Association of Ireland Logo [Reference: 1]

Roll of Honour (David Maye Memorial Cup)

Year	Champions
2007	Griffith College Dublin
2008	Griffith College Dublin
2009	IT Carlow
2010	IT Carlow
2011	NUI Galway
2012	IT Tallaght Dublin
2013	NUI Galway
2014	Waterford IT

University Darts Association of Ireland All-Ireland Teams Roll of Honour 2007-Present [Reference: 2]

Report

Griffith College Dublin won the inaugural University Darts Association of Ireland Teams Championship in 2007, and repeated in 2008, afterwards the winners were IT Carlow (2009 and 2010), NUI Galway 2011 and 2013, IT Tallaght Dublin 2012 and Waterford IT in 2014.

NUI Galway – UDAI All-Ireland Champions 2011 [Reference: 4]

References

Logos

Websites

[2] University Darts Association of Ireland (2015) Roll of Honour [Internet] Available from: https://sites.google.com/site/udaiuniversitydarts/u-d-a-i-tm-roll-of-honour [Accessed 10 October 2020]

[3] NUI Galway (2015) Club Profile: Darts Club [Internet] Available from: https://clubs.nuigalway.ie/clubProfile.php?id=MzU1 [Accessed 10 October 2020]

Images

[3] NUI Galway (2015) retrieveImage [Internet] Available from: https://clubs.nuigalway.ie/ajax/retrieveImage.php?name=MTIzNy5qcGc= [Accessed 10 October 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to John Kane.

About this document

Researched, Compiled and Written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 10 October 2020

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

October 5, 2020

Irish National Darts Organisation Ladies Rankings 2015

Irish National Darts Organisation Logo [Reference: 1]

INDO Rankings Ladies 2015

Pos	Name	County	E1	E2	E3	E4	E5	E6	E7	Total
1	Robyn Byrne	Dublin	6/8	8/0	3/2	4/0	6/0	3/8	6/8	62
2	Linda Harte	Wexford	6/3	6/6	0/8	0/3	8/8	2/0	4/3	57
3	Olive McIntyre	Leitrim	6/x	4/8	8/x		0/0	0/3	8/3	40
4	Veronica Skeffington	Mayo	6/3	3/3	6/6	3/2	3/0	0/0	0/4	39
5	Stacey Bland	Laois	6/x	x/4	3/4	3/4	0/0	2/6	2/0	34
6	Marian Werder	Wexford	6/4			8/0	4/4	1.5/0	3/3	33.5
7	Teresa Maher	Laois	5/x			6/6	x/3	4/x	3/6	33
8	Kay O’Carroll	Cork				x/8	3	6/4	3/2	30
9	Tracey Griffiths	Cavan	5/0	0/4	2/0	3/0	3/0	2/3	0/0	22
10	Anne Redmond	Wexford	5/3		4/3	2/0	0/3	1.5/0	0/x	21.5
11	Teresa King	Cavan	4/2	3/0	0/3	3/3	0/0	0/0	0/3	21
12	Regina Boyle	Dublin	3/x	4/x	3/3	0/0	4/3	x/x	0/0	20
13	Maeve O’Connor	Carlow	3/1	x/x	3/0	0/3	0/4	x/0	0/0	14
13	Siobhan Murphy	Carlow	4/1	x/x	2/0	4/0	x/0	0/3	x/x	14
13	Caroline Breen	Galway	6/2					2/4		14
13	Catherine Flemming	Mayo	6/0	x/x	2/3	0/0	x/x	0/0	3/0	14
17	Izabella Hand	Cavan	4/0	2/3	0/0	0/4	0/0	x/x	0/x	13
17	Samantha Carberry	Leitrim	4/2	x/x	4/0	x/x	0/3	x/x	x/x	13
19	Amy Redmond	Wexford	5/0					3/4	0/x	12
20	Maria Vaughan	Galway	6/1	x/x	0/4			x/0	0/x	11
21	Ces Lally	Galway	5/0					x/2	3/x	10
22	Sharon Buckley	Cork	5/0						0/4	9
23	Sarah Butler	Carlow	4/4			0/x	x/0	0/0		8
23	Barbara Barrett	Mayo	5/3							8
23	Ann Marie Flood	Dublin	5/x	3/x						8
23	Ann Murphy	Kilkenny	6/x	2/0						8
23	Geraldine Harkin	Donegal	5/0	0/3	0/0					8
23	Mags Prendergast	Dublin	5/0	0/0	0/0		3/0			8
29	Gemma Kearon	Wexford	6/1							7
29	Helen Malone	Mayo	6/1							7
29	Noreen Carry	Cavan	4/x	3/x						7
32	Mary Nuggent	Cork	0/6							6
32	Helen Kenny	Mayo	4/2							6
32	Trisha Joyce	Mayo	4/2							6
32	Trisha Doyle	Galway	4/2	0/0	0/0					6
32	Bernie McDonald	Carlow	5/1		0/0	0/0	0/0			6
32	Debbie O’Connor	Clare	5/1							6
32	Sarah Joyce	Mayo	4/0		2/x					6
39	Christine Cody	Carlow	3/2							5
39	Mary Corbally	Galway	3/2							5
39	Donna DeMansfield Absolon	Galway	4/1							5
39	Adena Skeffington	Mayo	4/1							5
39	Muireann McDermott	Cavan	4/1	0/0						5
39	Liz Butler	Carlow	4/1							5
39	Liz Ingram	Cavan		x/3	2/0	0/0		0/x	0/0	5
46	Martina O’Donoghue	Cork	0/1							1
46	Norrie McKeogh	Galway	0/1							1
46	Margaret Edwards	Wicklow	0/1							1

Irish National Darts Organisation Ladies Rankings 2015 [Reference: 2]

Events

Number	Event	Date
E1	InterCounties (Sun) / Inter Counties Singles (Sat)	15.02.2015 / 14.02.2015
E2	Cavan (Sat) / Cavan (Sun)	21.03.2015 / 22.03.2015
E3	Castlebar, Co. Mayo (Sat) / Castlebar (Sun)	09.05.2015 / 10.05.2015
E4	Kilkenny (Sat) / Kilkenny (Sun)	20.06.2015 / 21.06.2015
E5	Waterford (Sat) / Waterford (Sun)	25.07.2015 / 26.07.2015
E6	Ennis Pairs (Co. Clare) / Irish Masters	22.08.2015 / 23.08.2015
E7	Ennis (Co. Clare) / National Singles	12.09.2015 / 13.09.2015

Irish National Darts Organisation Ladies Rankings 2015 [Reference: 2]

Report

Robyn Byrne finished top of the Ladies Irish National Darts Organisation Rankings in 2015 with 62 points with Linda Harte in second on 57. Byrne put in a exemplary Final Event, scoring 6 points on the Saturday in Ennis, Co. Clare and then taking the maximum 8 points in the Irish National Singles on the Sunday. Byrne and Harte were level on 48 Points coming into the Event, the Seventh and Final one of the year.

References

Images

[1] INDO (2020) 9886424 [Internet] Available from: https://indodarts.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/0/6/60063899/9886424.png [Accessed 5 October 2020]

Websites

[2] INDO (2020) Rankings [Internet] Available from: https://indodarts.weebly.com/rankings.html# [Accessed 5 October 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Fiona Corrigan and Margaret Williams.

About this document

Researched, Compiled and Written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 5 October 2020

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

August 24, 2020

Mayo and District Darts Leagues Team Championship 2020

Mayo District Darts Leagues Team Championship Logo [Reference: 1]

Venue: Ivy Tower Hotel, Saturday, 7 March 2020

Cup Results

Date	Home Team		Runners-Up
	Semi-Finals
07.03.2020	Westport	4	Ballina 1	7
07.03.2020	Castlebar 1	4	South Mayo 1	7
	Final
07.03.2020	South Mayo 1	7	Ballina 1	2

Mayo and District Darts Leagues Team Championship Plate Results 2020 [Reference: 2]

Shield Results

Date	Home Team		Runners-Up
	Semi-Finals
07.03.2020	Castlebar 2	5	South Mayo 2	7
07.03.2020	East Mayo	1	Erris	7
	Final
07.03.2020	Erris	7	South Mayo 2	4

Mayo and District Darts Leagues Team Championship Cup Results 2020 [Reference: 2]

Plate Results

Date	Home Team		Runners-Up
	Final
07.03.2020	Westport 2	5	Ballina 2	7

Mayo and District Darts Leagues Team Championship Cup Results 2020 [Reference: 2]

Report

South Mayo 1 defeated Ballina 1 by a score of 7-2 in the Mayo District Darts Leagues Team Championship in the Ivy Tower Hotel in 2020. Other Leagues’ Teams competing were Erris (Shield winners), Westport 2 (Plate winners), as well as South Mayo 2, Ballina 2, East Mayo, Castlebar 1 & 2 and Westport 1.

The Championship is for representative teams of the Darts Leagues in Mayo (Ballina, Castlebar, East Mayo, Erris, South Mayo and Westport.

The Mayo District Darts Leagues Team Championship underway in the Ivy Tower Hotel, March 7, 2020 [Reference: 3]

References

Social Media

[1] Mayo District Darts Leagues Team Championships Facebook (2020) Profile Picture:January 19, 2016 [Internet] Available from: https://scontent-dub4-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t31.0-8/12605323_221492571517074_2235284739765589360_o.jpg?_nc_cat=102&_nc_sid=09cbfe&_nc_ohc=aAdPjF3Q6MkAX_ZDn_c&_nc_ht=scontent-dub4-1.xx&oh=45c1a0ba4cde86925653f19896a3b3a9&oe=5F6B043A [Accessed24 August 2020]

[2] Mayo District Darts Leagues Team Championships Facebook (2020) Post, March 11, 2020 [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1093497464316576&id=216717901994541 [Accessed24 August 2020]

[3] Mayo District Darts Leagues Team Championships Facebook (2020) Photo,March 7, 2020 [Internet] Available from: https://scontent-dub4-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/84157303_1090345214631801_7535965513235562496_o.jpg?_nc_cat=100&_nc_sid=8bfeb9&_nc_ohc=GxDKJVt4fy4AX_rJsBE&_nc_ht=scontent-dub4-1.xx&oh=9c1035514c85fc79a8992d2b79f6a5f2&oe=5F6B47B6 [Accessed24 August 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Edmund Corrigan.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 24 August 2020

August 24, 2020

South Mayo Darts League 2019-20

South Mayo Dart League Logo [Reference: 1]

SMDL A League 2019-20

	P	Pts
CJ’s Ranch	8	124
Lyons Bar A	6	100
Borderline	9	99
Dalton Inn	8	95
Hanley’s Bar	7	70
O’Brien’s Bar	9	54
Finnerty’s	9	47

South Mayo Darts League A League 2019-20 [References: 2-3]

SMDL A League Awards

Awards	Player	Score
Highest Checkout	Damien Connolly	167

South Mayo Darts League A League Awards 2019-20 [References: 2]

SMDL B League 2019-20

	P	Pts
*Lyons Bar B	10	120
*Tierney’s	10	113
*Fitzer’s	10	111
*Bourke’s	10	97
The Griffin Inn	10	95
Western Hotel	10	84

South Mayo Darts League B League 2019-20 [References: 2]

SMDL B League Playoffs

*Date*	*Home Team*	*Away Team*
	B League Semi-Finals
13.03.2020	Lyons’ Bar B	Bourke’s
13.03.2020	Fitzer’s	Tierney’s

South Mayo Darts League B League Playoffs 2019-20 [References: 2]

SMDL B League Awards

Award	Player	Score
Highest Checkout	Tony Melvin	164

South Mayo Darts League B League Awards 2019-20 [References: 2]

Report

The South Mayo Darts League of 2019-20 was cut short due to the COVID-19 Coronavirus edpidemic, with government restrictions banning all forms of sporting activity from 12 March 2020 until August-September 2020.

CJ’s Ranch were in first place in the A League with 124 points from 8 matches, with Lyons’ Bar A in second with 100 Points from 6 Matches. In the B League Lyons’ Bar B (120 Pts), Tierney’s (113 Pts), Fitzers’ (111 Pts) and Bourke’s (97 Pts) had all qualified for the Semi-Finals, due to take place on the 13th March 2020.

References

Images

[1] South Mayo Darts League Facebook (2020) Profile Picture,October 19, 2019 [Internet] Available at: https://www.facebook.com/southmayodarts/photos/a.367407836931521/981175212221444/ [Accessed 24 August 2020]

Social Media

[2] South Mayo Darts League Facebook (2020) Post,March 10, 2020 [Internet] Available at https://www.facebook.com/southmayodarts/posts/1106423759696588 [Accessed 24 August 2020]

[3] Citizens Information (2020) Public Health Measures for COVID-19 [Internet] Available from: https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/health/covid19/public_health_measures_for_covid19.html [Accessed 24 August 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Edmund Corrigan.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 24 August 2020

August 23, 2020

Archery Ireland Wicklow Indoor Open 2020

Archery Ireland Logo [Reference: 1]

Shoreline Leisure Centre, Greystones, Co. Wicklow / 12 January 2020

Medal Standings

Rank	Team	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Medals
1	DMA Dundrum Archers	3	1	4	8
2	BHA Blackheath Archers	2	0	0	2
3	WWA Wicklow Archers	1	2	1	4
4	CUA CuChulainn Archers	1	2	0	3
5	DAC Dublin archers	1	1	1	3
6	AAC Athenry Archers Club	1	0	0	1
6	AGB Ballyvally	1	0	0	1
6	ABA Ashbourne Archers	1	0	0	1
6	CUL Ulster Archers	1	0	0	1
10	DIT DIT Archery Club	0	1	0	1
10	COB City of Belfast Archers	0	1	0	1
10	LFA Liffey Archers	0	1	0	1
13	NUIG NUIG Archery Club	0	0	1	1
13	ATH Athboy Archery Club	0	0	1	1

Archery Ireland Wicklow Indoor Open 2020 [Reference: 2]

Medal Results Men

Event	Gold	Pts	Silver	Pts	Bronze	Pts
Recurve	Carl McCaffrey DMA	1130	Garrett Byrme WWA	1106	Adam Taylor DMA	1105
Recurve Junior	Gerard Brady DMA	1030
Recurve Cadet	Cillian Reid WWA	1096	Rory Farrell WWA	503
Recurve Master	Alan Smith BHA	942	Joe Malone DAC	847	Tom Fox WWA	827
Compound	Dean Hamilton AGB	1164	Eamon Rogers CUA	1145	Christopher Ryan NUIG	1141
Compound Master	Gerry Finnegan ABA	1124	Fiachra Judge CUA	1104	Hugh Murphy ATH	1030

Archery Ireland Wicklow Indoor Open Medal Results Men 2020 [Reference: 2]

Medal Results Women

Event	Gold	Pts	Silver	Pts	Bronze	Pts
Recurve	Carmel Malone DMA	999	Alice Jordan DIT	990	Ciara Dunne DAC	911
Recurve Junior	Thea Fogerty DMA	1021	Andrea Lopez Murray DMA	945
Recurve Cadet	Lucy Smith BHA	1039	Melina Collins LFA	973
Recurve Master	Amanda Norton West AAC	618
Compound	Deirdre Rogers CUA	784
Compound Master	Deirdre Shannon CUL	1065

Archery Ireland Wicklow Indoor Open Medal Results Men 2020 [Reference: 2]

Medal Results Team

Event	Gold	Pts	Silver	Pts	Bronze	Pts
Recurve Men	DMA Dundrum Archers	3210	WWA Wicklow Archers	3103
Recurve Women	DAC Dublin Archers	2543
Recurve Junior Mixed	DMA Dundrum Archers	2051
Compound Mixed	CUA CuChulainn Archers	1929

Archery Ireland Wicklow Indoor Open Medal Results Team 2020 [Reference: 2]

Wicklow Archers Logo [Refeence: 3]

Report

Dundrum Archers finished top of the Medal haul in the Archery Ireland Wicklow Indoor Open 2020 with 3 Gold, 1 Silver and 4 Bronze. Blackheath archers finished second with two Gold, and hosts Wicklow Archers third with 1 Gold, 2 Silver and 1 Bronze.

Carl McCaffrey (Dundrum Archers) won the Men’s Recurve Gold with a score of 1130, and Carmel Malone (Dundrum Archers) won the women’s Recurve with a score of 999.

The Men’s Compound Gold Medal went to Dean Hamilton of Ballyvally and the Womens Compund Gold went to Deirdre Rogers of CuChulainn.

References

Images

[1] Archery Ireland (2018) Archery Ireland Logo [Internet] available from: http://archery.ie/downloads/downloads-for-clubs/logo/ [Accessed 11 March 2018]

Websites

[2] Archery Ireland (2018) Wicklow Indoor Open 2020 [Internet] Available from: https://www.ianseo.net/TourData/2020/6632/BOOK.pdf?time=2020-01-12+16%3A53%3A48 [Accessed 23 August 2020]

Images

[3] Wicklow Archers (2019) WALogo_Flat_large-scaled [Internet] Available from: https://i1.wp.com/wicklowarchery.org/site-assets/uploads/2019/11/WALogo_Flat_large-scaled.png?resize=80%2C80 [Accessed 23 August 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Andrea Norton & Billy Flynn.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 23 August 2020

June 24, 2020

Wicklow Darts League Singles & Doubles 1991

Finals

	Winner		Runner-Up
	Doubles Final
06.1991	Lyndon Byrne & Martin O’Connor ( Dowling’s Rathnew)	bt.	Pat Ha & Steve Mulhall (Club Screen, Bray)

Wicklow Darts League Singles & Doubles 1991 [Ref: 1]

Report

Lyndon Byrne and Martin O’Connor of Dowling’s Rathnew won the Wicklow Darts League Doubles Final in 1991.

References

Newspapers

[1] Anon. (1991) “Darts News”Bray People. Friday., June 14 1991. Pg. 18

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 24 June 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

June 24, 2020

Wicklow Darts League Singles & Doubles 1991

Finals

	Winner		Runner-Up
	Doubles Final
06.1991	Lyndon Byrne & Martin O’Connor ( Dowling’s Rathnew)	bt.	Pat Ha & Steve Mulhall (Club Screen, Bray)

Wicklow Darts League Singles & Doubles 1991 [Ref: 1]

Report

Lyndon Byrne and Martin O’Connor of Dowling’s Rathnew won the Wicklow Darts League Doubles Final in 1991.

References

Newspapers

[1] Anon. (1991) “Darts News”Bray People. Friday., June 14 1991. Pg. 18

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 24 June 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

June 24, 2020

Wicklow Darts Cup 1991

Results

	Winner		Runner-Up
	2nd Round
1991	Oldcourt Thursday	5	Bridge Inn (Newcastle)	3
1991	Club Screen (Bray)	8	The Tap (Arklow)	1
	Semi-Finals
1991	Fitzpatrick’s	5	Oldcourt	3
1991	Club Screen (Bray)	5	Jock’s	4
	Final
1991	Fitzpatrick’s		Club Screen (Bray)

Wicklow Darts Cup 1991 [Ref:

References

Websites

[1] Anon. (1991) “Fitzpatrick’s and Club Screen in darts Cup Final”Bray People. Friday., June 21 1991. Pg. 33 [2] Anon. (1991) “Entries close for Bray Darts Festival”Bray People. Friday., June 7 1991. Pg. 24

Acknowledgents

Thanks to William Winters

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 24 June 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

June 24, 2020

Borough Darts League Singles & Doubles 1991

Finals

	Winner		Runner-Up
	Singles Final
06.91	Pat Cronin (Sunnybank)	3	Steve Mulhall	0
	Doubles Final
06.91	Peter Byrne & Hubert Plunkett (Sunnybank)
	Ladies Doubles
06.91	Marie Kealy & Jeanette Harris (Orchard Inn, Killincarrig)

Borough Darts League Singles & Doubles 1991.

Report

Pat Cronin of Sunnybank won the Singles Final in the Borough Darts League in 1991, with Peter Byrne & Hubert Plunkett, also of Sunnybank winning the Doubles Final, and Marie Kealy and Jeanette Harris winning the Ladies Doubles.

References

Sources

[1] Anon. (1991) “Darts News” Bray People. Friday., June 14 1991. Pg. 18

  <p>[2] Anon. (1991) <strong>"Entries close for Bray Darts Festival"</strong> <em>Bray People.</em> Friday., June 7 1991. Pg. 24</p>

Acknowledgements

Thanks to William Winters

About this document

Researched, compiled and Written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 24 June 2020

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.